Light Play

Note

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Kit purchase

Looking for parts? Check out our all-in-one kits below — packed with components, beginner-friendly guides, and tons of fun.

Name	Includes Arduino board	PURCHASE LINK
Ultimate Sensor Kit	Arduino Uno R4 Minima	BUY
Elite Explorer Kit	Arduino Uno R4 WiFi	BUY
3 in 1 Ultimate Starter Kit	Arduino Uno R4 Minima	BUY
Universal Maker Sensor Kit	×	BUY

Course Introduction

In this lesson, you will learn how to use Arduino along with buttons, LEDs, and resistors to create a light show.

Pressing the button will switch between different lighting modes.

Note

If this is your first time working with an Arduino project, we recommend downloading and reviewing the basic materials first.

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components:

SN	COMPONENT INTRODUCTION	QUANTITY	PURCHASE LINK
1	Arduino UNO R4 Minima	1	BUY
2	USB Type-C cable	1
3	Breadboard	1	BUY
4	Wires	Several	BUY
5	1kΩ resistor	Several	BUY
6	Button	3	BUY
7	LED	Several	BUY

Wiring

Common Connections:

LED
- Connect the LEDs cathode to a 1kΩ resistor then to the negative power bus on the breadboard, and the LEDs anode to 2 to 9 on the Arduino.
Button
- Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
- Connect to 10 to 12 on the Arduino.

Writing the Code

Note

You can copy this code into Arduino IDE.
Don’t forget to select the board(Arduino UNO R4 Minima) and the correct port before clicking the Upload button.

// LED pins (blue and red alternately connected to D2 ~ D9)
const int ledPins[8] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};

// Button pins
const int redButton = 10;
const int blueButton = 11;
const int greenButton = 12;

// Variables to track previous button states
bool prevRedPressed = false;
bool prevBluePressed = false;
bool prevGreenPressed = false;

void setup() {
  // Set all LED pins as outputs and turn them off
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    pinMode(ledPins[i], OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
  }

  // Set buttons as input with internal pull-up resistors
  pinMode(redButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(blueButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(greenButton, INPUT_PULLUP);

  Serial.begin(9600); // Optional: debug output
}

void loop() {
  handleRedButton();    // Play red light sequence
  handleBlueButton();   // Play blue LED flowing animation
  handleGreenButton();  // Play full pattern sequence
}

// --- Red button: Runs a 6-step light show pattern ---
void handleRedButton() {
  bool isPressed = digitalRead(redButton) == LOW;
  if (isPressed && !prevRedPressed) {
    Serial.println("Red button pressed → 6-step pattern");
    runRedSequence();
    delay(300); // Simple debounce
  }
  prevRedPressed = isPressed;
}

void runRedSequence() {
  // Step 1: All LEDs on
  setAll(HIGH);
  delay(1000);

  // Step 2: Only blue LEDs on (even indices)
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], i % 2 == 0 ? HIGH : LOW);
  delay(1000);

  // Step 3: Only red LEDs on (odd indices)
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], i % 2 == 1 ? HIGH : LOW);
  delay(1000);

  // Step 4: All LEDs on
  setAll(HIGH);
  delay(1000);

  // Step 5: Only blue LEDs on again
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], i % 2 == 0 ? HIGH : LOW);
  delay(1000);

  // Step 6: Turn all LEDs off
  setAll(LOW);
}

// --- Blue button: Flowing LED animation, back and forth x2 ---
void handleBlueButton() {
  bool isPressed = digitalRead(blueButton) == LOW;
  if (isPressed && !prevBluePressed) {
    Serial.println("Blue button pressed → flowing animation");

    for (int round = 0; round < 2; round++) {
      // Forward flow
      for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        lightOneOnly(i);
        delay(100);
      }
      // Backward flow
      for (int i = 6; i >= 0; i--) {
        lightOneOnly(i);
        delay(100);
      }

      clearAll();
      delay(100); // Small gap between rounds
    }

    delay(300);
  }
  prevBluePressed = isPressed;
}

// Lights only one LED at the specified index
void lightOneOnly(int index) {
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], (i == index) ? HIGH : LOW);
  }
}

// --- Green button: Four full LED pattern cycles ---
void handleGreenButton() {
  bool isPressed = digitalRead(greenButton) == LOW;
  if (isPressed && !prevGreenPressed) {
    Serial.println("Green button pressed → full sequence");

    // Pattern 1: Light up and off from left to right
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH);
      delay(100);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
      delay(100);
    }

    // Pattern 2: Right to left on and off
    for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH);
      delay(100);
    }
    for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
      delay(100);
    }

    // Pattern 3: Left to right on, right to left off
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH);
      delay(100);
    }
    for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
      delay(100);
    }

    // Pattern 4: Right to left on, left to right off
    for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH);
      delay(100);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
      delay(100);
    }

    clearAll(); // Make sure all LEDs are off
    delay(300);
  }
  prevGreenPressed = isPressed;
}

// Turns all LEDs on or off
void setAll(int state) {
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], state);
  }
}

// Turns off all LEDs
void clearAll() {
  setAll(LOW);
}