Color Memory

Note

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Kit purchase

Looking for parts? Check out our all-in-one kits below — packed with components, beginner-friendly guides, and tons of fun.

Name	Includes Arduino board	PURCHASE LINK
Ultimate Sensor Kit	Arduino Uno R4 Minima	BUY
Elite Explorer Kit	Arduino Uno R4 WiFi	BUY
3 in 1 Ultimate Starter Kit	Arduino Uno R4 Minima	BUY
Universal Maker Sensor Kit	×	BUY

Course Introduction

In this lesson, you’ll use four LCDs, four buttons, and a passive buzzer with the Arduino R4 UNO to create a color memory game.

At the start of the game, an LED lights up at random. The player must press the corresponding button to proceed. A wrong input ends the game.

Note

If this is your first time working with an Arduino project, we recommend downloading and reviewing the basic materials first.

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components:

SN	COMPONENT INTRODUCTION	QUANTITY	PURCHASE LINK
1	Arduino UNO R4 Minima	1	BUY
2	USB Type-C cable	1
3	Breadboard	1	BUY
4	Wires	Several	BUY
5	Passive Buzzer	1	BUY
6	Button	4	BUY
7	LED	4	BUY
8	220Ω resistor	4	BUY

Wiring

Common Connections:

LEDS
- Blue: Connect the LED anode to 8 on the Arduino, and the cathode to a 220Ω resistor, then to the negative power bus on the breadboard.
- Green: Connect the LED anode to 6 on the Arduino, and the cathode to a 220Ω resistor, then to the negative power bus on the breadboard.
- Yellow: Connect the LED anode to 4**on the Arduino , and the **cathode to a 220Ω resistor, then to the negative power bus on the breadboard.
- Red: Connect the LED anode to 2 on the Arduino, and the cathode to a 220Ω resistor, then to the negative power bus on the breadboard.
Passive Buzzer
- ＋: Connect to 12 on the Arduino.
- －: Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
Buttons
- Blue Button: Connect to the Blue LED’s cathode on the breadboard, and the other end to 9 on the Arduino board.
- Green Butto: Connect to the Green LED’s cathode on the breadboard, and the other end to 7 on the Arduino board.
- Yellow Butto: Connect to the Yellow LED’s cathode on the breadboard, and the other end to 5 on the Arduino board.
- Red Butto: Connect to the Red LED’s cathode on the breadboard, and the other end to 3 on the Arduino board.

Writing the Code

Note

You can copy this code into Arduino IDE.
Don’t forget to select the board(Arduino UNO R4 Minima) and the correct port before clicking the Upload button.

// LED and button pin definitions
const int redLED = 2;
const int yellowLED = 4;
const int greenLED = 6;
const int blueLED = 8;
const int redButton = 3;
const int yellowButton = 5;
const int greenButton = 7;
const int blueButton = 9;
const int buzzer = 12;

int sequence[100]; // Store the random sequence
int playerInput[100]; // Store the player's input sequence
int level = 0; // Current game level
bool gameOver = false; // Flag to check if the game is over

void setup() {
  // Initialize pin modes
  pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(yellowLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(blueLED, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(redButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(yellowButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(greenButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(blueButton, INPUT_PULLUP);

  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600); // Debugging purpose

  // Start the game
  startGame();
}

void loop() {
  if (!gameOver) {
    // Play the current color sequence
    playSequence();

    // Check player's input
    if (!getPlayerInput()) {
      endGame();
    } else {
      delay(500); // Shorten delay after player input
    }
  } else {
    // Restart the game after a short delay
    delay(1500); // Shorten restart delay
    startGame();
  }
}

void startGame() {
  // Initialize game state
  level = 1;
  gameOver = false;

  // Turn on all LEDs and play a sound to indicate game start
  digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(yellowLED, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(greenLED, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(blueLED, HIGH);
  tone(buzzer, 1000, 500);

  delay(500); // Shorten the LED on time at the start

  // Turn off all LEDs
  digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);
  digitalWrite(yellowLED, LOW);
  digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);
  digitalWrite(blueLED, LOW);

  randomSeed(analogRead(A0)); // Use analog pin to generate a random seed
  delay(500); // Shortened delay before game starts
}

void playSequence() {
  // Generate a random LED sequence, ensure the number corresponds to a valid LED
  sequence[level - 1] = random(1, 5); // Generate random value between 1 and 4 for colors

  // Play the current LED and sound sequence
  for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
    lightUpLED(sequence[i]);
    delay(300); // Shortened delay between each sequence
  }
}

bool getPlayerInput() {
  for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
    bool inputReceived = false;

    while (!inputReceived) {
      if (digitalRead(redButton) == LOW) {
        playerInput[i] = 1; // Red button pressed
        lightUpLED(1); // Light up corresponding LED and play sound
        inputReceived = true;
      } else if (digitalRead(yellowButton) == LOW) {
        playerInput[i] = 2; // Yellow button pressed
        lightUpLED(2); // Light up corresponding LED and play sound
        inputReceived = true;
      } else if (digitalRead(greenButton) == LOW) {
        playerInput[i] = 3; // Green button pressed
        lightUpLED(3); // Light up corresponding LED and play sound
        inputReceived = true;
      } else if (digitalRead(blueButton) == LOW) {
        playerInput[i] = 4; // Blue button pressed
        lightUpLED(4); // Light up corresponding LED and play sound
        inputReceived = true;
      }
    }

    // Check if player input matches the sequence
    if (playerInput[i] != sequence[i]) {
      return false; // Player input is incorrect
    }
    delay(200); // Shorten delay after player input confirmation
  }
  level++; // Increase level after correct input
  return true;
}

void endGame() {
  gameOver = true; // Set game over flag

  // Flash LEDs and play sound to indicate the game is over
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(yellowLED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(greenLED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(blueLED, HIGH);
    tone(buzzer, 1000, 300); // Quick sound for game over
    delay(200); // Faster flashing
    digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(yellowLED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(blueLED, LOW);
    delay(200);
  }
}

void lightUpLED(int color) {
  // Light up the corresponding LED and play a sound based on the color
  switch (color) {
    case 1: // Red
      digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);
      tone(buzzer, 500, 300);
      break;
    case 2: // Yellow
      digitalWrite(yellowLED, HIGH);
      tone(buzzer, 600, 300);
      break;
    case 3: // Green
      digitalWrite(greenLED, HIGH);
      tone(buzzer, 700, 300);
      break;
    case 4: // Blue
      digitalWrite(blueLED, HIGH);
      tone(buzzer, 800, 300);
      break;
  }
  delay(300); // Shorten LED on time

  // Turn off all LEDs
  digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);
  digitalWrite(yellowLED, LOW);
  digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);
  digitalWrite(blueLED, LOW);
}