RGB Controll

Note

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Kit purchase

Looking for parts? Check out our all-in-one kits below — packed with components, beginner-friendly guides, and tons of fun.

Name	Includes Arduino board	PURCHASE LINK
Elite Explorer Kit	Arduino Uno R4 WiFi	BUY
Inventor Lab Kit	Arduino Uno R3	BUY

Course Introduction

In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use a potentiometer with the Arduino UNO R4 to control an RGB LED.

As you turn the knob, the LED color smoothly transitions through red, yellow, green, and blue, creating a dynamic color blending effect.

Note

If this is your first time working with an Arduino project, we recommend downloading and reviewing the basic materials first.

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components:

SN	COMPONENT INTRODUCTION	QUANTITY	PURCHASE LINK
1	Arduino UNO R4 Minima/Arduino UNO R4 WIFI	1	BUY
2	USB Type-C cable	1
3	Breadboard	1	BUY
4	Wires	Several	BUY
5	Potentiometer	1	BUY
6	RGB LED	1	BUY

Wiring

Common Connections:

RGB LED
- R: Connect to 9 on the Arduino.
- Y: Connect to 10 on the Arduino.
- G: Connect to 11 on the Arduino.
- GND: Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
Potentiometer
- OUT: Connect to A0 on the Arduino.
- GND: Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
- VCC: Connect to breadboard’s red power bus.

Writing the Code

Note

You can copy this code into Arduino IDE.
Don’t forget to select the board(Arduino UNO R4 Minima/WIFI) and the correct port before clicking the Upload button.

// RGB LED pins
const int redPin = 9;
const int greenPin = 10;
const int bluePin = 11;

// Potentiometer pin
const int potPin = A0;

void setup() {
  pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(greenPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(bluePin, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // Read potentiometer value (0–1023)
  int potValue = analogRead(potPin);
  Serial.println(potValue);

  // Map the potentiometer value to 0–765 range for color blending
  int range = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 0, 765);

  int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;

  // Blend RGB colors based on range
  if (range <= 255) {
    r = 255;
    g = range;
    b = 0;
  } else if (range <= 510) {
    r = 510 - range;
    g = 255;
    b = range - 255;
  } else {
    r = 0;
    g = 765 - range;
    b = 255;
  }

  // Set RGB LED color
  analogWrite(redPin, 255 - r);   // Inverted for common cathode
  analogWrite(greenPin, 255 - g);
  analogWrite(bluePin, 255 - b);

  delay(20);
}