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Lesson 33: Servo Motor (SG90)

In this lesson, you will learn how to use Arduino to control a servo motor and make it rotate from 0 to 180 degrees and back. We will cover the usage of the Servo library, defining and using variables for servo control, as well as implementing a for loop for gradual movement. This project is ideal for beginners as it provides hands-on experience with motor control and basic programming principles in Arduino.

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components.

It’s definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here’s the link:

Name	ITEMS IN THIS KIT	LINK
Universal Maker Sensor Kit	94	Universal Maker Sensor Kit

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

Component Introduction	Purchase Link
Arduino UNO R3 or R4	BUY
Servo Motor (SG90)	BUY

Wiring

Code

Code Analysis

Here, the Servo library is included which allows for easy control of the servo motor. The pin connected to the servo and the initial angle of the servo are also defined.

#include <Servo.h>
const int servoPin = 9;  // Define the servo pin
int angle = 0;           // Initialize the angle variable to 0 degrees
Servo servo;             // Create a servo object

The setup() function runs once when the Arduino starts. The servo is attached to the defined pin using the attach() function.
```
void setup() {
  servo.attach(servoPin);
}
```
The main loop has two for loops. The first loop increases the angle from 0 to 180 degrees, and the second loop decreases the angle from 180 to 0 degrees. The servo.write(angle) command sets the servo to the specified angle. The delay(15) causes the servo to wait for 15 milliseconds before moving to the next angle, controlling the speed of the scanning movement.
```
void loop() {
  // scan from 0 to 180 degrees
  for (angle = 0; angle < 180; angle++) {
    servo.write(angle);
    delay(15);
  }
  // now scan back from 180 to 0 degrees
  for (angle = 180; angle > 0; angle--) {
    servo.write(angle);
    delay(15);
  }
}
```