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Lesson 33: Servo Motor (SG90)

In this lesson, you will learn how to control a servo motor using a Raspberry Pi. You’ll learn how to adjust the servo’s pulse width settings for precise control and write a Python script to move the servo to different positions: minimum, middle, and maximum.

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components.

It’s definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here’s the link:

Name	ITEMS IN THIS KIT	LINK
Universal Maker Sensor Kit	94	Universal Maker Sensor Kit

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

Component Introduction	Purchase Link
Raspberry Pi 5	BUY
Servo Motor (SG90)	BUY

Wiring

Code

from gpiozero import Servo
from time import sleep

# GPIO pin for the servo
myGPIO = 17

# Correction factor for the servo
myCorrection = 0.45
maxPW = (2.0 + myCorrection) / 1000  # Maximum pulse width
minPW = (1.0 - myCorrection) / 1000  # Minimum pulse width

# Initialize the servo with adjusted pulse width range
servo = Servo(myGPIO, min_pulse_width=minPW, max_pulse_width=maxPW)

# Continuously move servo between positions
while True:
   # Move servo to middle position
   servo.mid()
   print("mid")
   sleep(0.5)

   # Move servo to minimum position
   servo.min()
   print("min")
   sleep(1)

   # Move servo to middle position
   servo.mid()
   print("mid")
   sleep(0.5)

   # Move servo to maximum position
   servo.max()
   print("max")
   sleep(1)

Code Analysis

Import Libraries

Import the Servo class from gpiozero for servo control and sleep from time for timing.
```
from gpiozero import Servo
from time import sleep
```
GPIO Pin and Servo Correction Factor

Define the GPIO pin connected to the servo and set a correction factor to calibrate the servo’s pulse width range.
```
myGPIO = 17
myCorrection = 0.45
maxPW = (2.0 + myCorrection) / 1000
minPW = (1.0 - myCorrection) / 1000
```
Initialize the Servo

Create a Servo object with the specified GPIO pin and adjusted pulse width range.
```
servo = Servo(myGPIO, min_pulse_width=minPW, max_pulse_width=maxPW)
```

Move the Servo Continuously

Use a while True loop to move the servo between its minimum, middle, and maximum positions, printing the current position and pausing between movements.

while True:
    servo.mid()
    print("mid")
    sleep(0.5)

    servo.min()
    print("min")
    sleep(1)

    servo.mid()
    print("mid")
    sleep(0.5)

    servo.max()
    print("max")
    sleep(1)