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Lesson 28: RGB Module

In this lesson, you will learn how to control an RGB LED module with a Raspberry Pi. You’ll learn how to use Python to change the LED’s color to red, green, blue, and yellow, and then turn it off. This project is a straightforward introduction to working with RGB LEDs and GPIO interfacing, making it ideal for beginners starting with Raspberry Pi and Python programming.

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components.

It’s definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here’s the link:

Name	ITEMS IN THIS KIT	LINK
Universal Maker Sensor Kit	94	Universal Maker Sensor Kit

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

Component Introduction	Purchase Link
Raspberry Pi 5	BUY
RGB LED Module	-
Breadboard	BUY

Wiring

Code

from gpiozero import RGBLED
from time import sleep
from colorzero import Color

# GPIO pin assignments for the RGB LED
red_pin = 22
green_pin = 27
blue_pin = 17

# Initialize the RGB LED with red, green, and blue components connected to their respective GPIO pins
led = RGBLED(red=red_pin, green=green_pin, blue=blue_pin)

# Set the LED to red color (red: 100%, green: 0%, blue: 0%) and wait for 1 second
led.color = (1, 0, 0)
sleep(1)

# Set the LED to green color (red: 0%, green: 100%, blue: 0%) and wait for 1 second
led.color = (0, 1, 0)
sleep(1)

# Set the LED to blue color (red: 0%, green: 0%, blue: 100%) and wait for 1 second
led.color = (0, 0, 1)
sleep(1)

# Set the LED to yellow color using the Color class and wait for 1 second
led.color = Color('yellow')
sleep(1)

# Turn the LED off
led.off()

Code Analysis

1. Importing Libraries

   The script starts with importing the RGBLED class from gpiozero for controlling the RGB LED and the sleep function from the time module for delays. It also imports the Color class from colorzero for color definitions.

   from gpiozero import RGBLED
   from time import sleep
   from colorzero import Color
   

2. Initializing the RGB LED

   • GPIO pins for each color component of the RGB LED are defined.

   • The RGB LED is initialized with its red, green, and blue components connected to GPIO pins 22, 27, and 17 respectively.

   red_pin = 22
   green_pin = 27
   blue_pin = 17
   led = RGBLED(red=red_pin, green=green_pin, blue=blue_pin)
   

3. Setting LED Colors

   • The color of the LED is set to red, green, and blue in sequence, each followed by a 1-second pause.

   • Colors are represented by tuples (red, green, blue), where each value is between 0 and 1, indicating the intensity.

   led.color = (1, 0, 0)
   sleep(1)
   led.color = (0, 1, 0)
   sleep(1)
   led.color = (0, 0, 1)
   sleep(1)
   

4. Using the Color Class

   The script demonstrates how to use the Color class from colorzero to set the LED to a named color (yellow) and then waits for 1 second.

   In addition to using the pre-defined colors directly, you can also define colors in various ways. For more details, please refer to colorzero.Color.

   led.color = Color('yellow')
   sleep(1)
   

5. Turning the LED Off

   Finally, the script turns off the LED using led.off().

   led.off()