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4.1.14 Password Lock

Introduction

In this project, we will use a keypad and a LCD to make a combination lock. The LCD will display a corresponding prompt for you to type your password on the Keypad. If the password is input correctly, “Correct” will be displayed.

On the basis of this project, we can add additional electronic components, such as buzzer, LED and so on, to add different experimental phenomena for password input.

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components.

It’s definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here’s the link:

Name	ITEMS IN THIS KIT	LINK
Raphael Kit	337	Raphael Kit

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

COMPONENT INTRODUCTION	PURCHASE LINK
GPIO Extension Board	BUY
Breadboard	BUY
Jumper Wires	BUY
Resistor	BUY
I2C LCD1602	BUY
Keypad	-

Schematic Diagram

T-Board Name	physical	wiringPi	BCM
GPIO18	Pin 12	1	18
GPIO23	Pin 16	4	23
GPIO24	Pin 18	5	24
GPIO25	Pin 22	6	25
GPIO17	Pin 11	0	17
GPIO27	Pin 13	2	27
GPIO22	Pin 15	3	22
SPIMOSI	Pin 19	12	10
SDA1	Pin 3
SCL1	Pin 5

Experimental Procedures

Step 1: Build the circuit.

Step 2: Change directory.

cd ~/raphael-kit/python/

Step 3: Run.

sudo python3 4.1.14_PasswordLock.py

After the code runs, keypad is used to input password: 1984. If the “CORRECT” appears on LCD1602, there is no wrong with the password; otherwise, “WRONG KEY” will appear.

Note

If you get the error FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/dev/i2c-1', you need to refer to I2C Configuration to enable the I2C.
If you get ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'smbus2' error, please run sudo pip3 install smbus2.
If the error OSError: [Errno 121] Remote I/O error appears, it means the module is miswired or the module is broken.
If the code and wiring are fine, but the LCD still does not display content, you can turn the potentiometer on the back to increase the contrast.

Code

Note

You can Modify/Reset/Copy/Run/Stop the code below. But before that, you need to go to source code path like raphael-kit/python. After modifying the code, you can run it directly to see the effect.

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import LCD1602

##################### HERE IS THE KEYPAD LIBRARY TRANSPLANTED FROM Arduino ############
#class Key:Define some of the properties of Key
class Keypad():

    def __init__(self, rowsPins, colsPins, keys):
        self.rowsPins = rowsPins
        self.colsPins = colsPins
        self.keys = keys
        GPIO.setwarnings(False)
        GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
        GPIO.setup(self.rowsPins, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.setup(self.colsPins, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN)

    def read(self):
        pressed_keys = []
        for i, row in enumerate(self.rowsPins):
            GPIO.output(row, GPIO.HIGH)
            for j, col in enumerate(self.colsPins):
                index = i * len(self.colsPins) + j
                if (GPIO.input(col) == 1):
                    pressed_keys.append(self.keys[index])
            GPIO.output(row, GPIO.LOW)
        return pressed_keys

################ EXAMPLE CODE START HERE ################
LENS = 4
password=['1','9','8','4']
testword=['0','0','0','0']
keyIndex=0

def check():
    for i in range(0,LENS):
        if(password[i]!=testword[i]):
            return 0
    return 1

def setup():
    global keypad, last_key_pressed
    rowsPins = [18,23,24,25]
    colsPins = [10,22,27,17]
    keys = ["1","2","3","A",
            "4","5","6","B",
            "7","8","9","C",
            "*","0","#","D"]
    keypad = Keypad(rowsPins, colsPins, keys)
    last_key_pressed = []
    LCD1602.init(0x27, 1)    # init(slave address, background light)
    LCD1602.clear()
    LCD1602.write(0, 0, 'WELCOME!')
    LCD1602.write(2, 1, 'Enter password')
    time.sleep(2)

def destroy():
    LCD1602.clear()
    GPIO.cleanup()

def loop():
    global keyIndex
    global LENS
    global keypad, last_key_pressed
    while(True):
        pressed_keys = keypad.read()
        if len(pressed_keys) != 0 and last_key_pressed != pressed_keys:
            LCD1602.clear()
            LCD1602.write(0, 0, "Enter password:")
            LCD1602.write(15-keyIndex,1, pressed_keys)
            testword[keyIndex]=pressed_keys
            keyIndex+=1
            if (keyIndex is LENS):
                if (check() is 0):
                    LCD1602.clear()
                    LCD1602.write(3, 0, "WRONG KEY!")
                    LCD1602.write(0, 1, "please try again")
                else:
                    LCD1602.clear()
                    LCD1602.write(4, 0, "CORRECT!")
                    LCD1602.write(2, 1, "welcome back")
            keyIndex=keyIndex%LENS

        last_key_pressed = pressed_keys
        time.sleep(0.1)

if __name__ == '__main__':     # Program start from here
    try:
        setup()
        loop()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # When 'Ctrl+C' is pressed, the program destroy() will be  executed.
        destroy()

Code Explanation

LENS = 4
password=['1','9','8','4']
...
rowsPins = [18,23,24,25]
colsPins = [10,22,27,17]
keys = ["1","2","3","A",
        "4","5","6","B",
        "7","8","9","C",
        "*","0","#","D"]

Here, we define the length of the password LENS, the array keys that store the matrix keyboard keys, and the array password that stores the correct password.

class Keypad():
    def __init__(self, rowsPins, colsPins, keys):
        self.rowsPins = rowsPins
        self.colsPins = colsPins
        self.keys = keys
        GPIO.setwarnings(False)
        GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
        GPIO.setup(self.rowsPins, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.setup(self.colsPins, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN)
...

This class is the code that reads the values of the pressed keys. Refer to 2.1.8 Keypad of this document for more details.

while(True):
        pressed_keys = keypad.read()
        if len(pressed_keys) != 0 and last_key_pressed != pressed_keys:
            LCD1602.clear()
            LCD1602.write(0, 0, "Enter password:")
            LCD1602.write(15-keyIndex,1, pressed_keys)
            testword[keyIndex]=pressed_keys
            keyIndex+=1
...

Read the key value and store it in the test array testword. If the number of stored key values is more than 4, the correctness of the password is automatically verified, and the verification results are displayed on the LCD interface.

def check():
    for i in range(0,LENS):
        if(password[i]!=testword[i]):
            return 0
    return 1

Verify the correctness of the password. Return 1 if the password is entered correctly, and 0 if not.

4.1.14 Password Lock

Introduction

Required Components

Schematic Diagram

Experimental Procedures

Phenomenon Picture