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Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor Module (MAX30102)

../_images/14_gy_max30102_module.png

The MAX30102 is an advanced sensor module designed for tracking heart rate and blood oxygen levels (SpO2). Manufactured by Maxim Integrated, it combines pulse oximetry and heart rate monitoring into a compact package, making it a popular choice for wearable health and fitness applications.

Specification

  • Chip Type: MAX30102

  • LED Peak Wavelength: 660nm/880nm

  • Supply Voltage: 3.3V or 5V;

  • Detection Signal Type: Optical Reflection Signal (PPG)

  • Output Signal Interface: I2C Interface

  • PCB size: 14 x 14mm

  • Working temperature: -40 ~ +85℃

Pinout

  • VCC: This is the positive power supply input from the main control.

  • GND: Ground connection.

  • SCL: serial clock pin for the I2C interface.

  • SDA: serial data pin for the I2C interface.

  • INT: the Interrupt pin of the IC.

Principle

MAX30102 is a sensor that combines a pulse oximeter and a heart rate monitor. It’s an optical sensor that measures the absorbance of pulsating blood through a photodetector after emitting two wavelengths of light from two LEDs - a red and an infrared one. This particular LED colour combination is designed to allow data to be read with the tip of one’s finger.

The MAX30102 works by shining both lights onto the finger or earlobe (or essentially anywhere where the skin isn’t too thick, so both lights can easily penetrate the tissue) and measuring the amount of reflected light using a photodetector. This method of pulse detection through light is called Photoplethysmogram.

The working of MAX30102 can be divided into two parts: Heart Rate Measurement and Pulse Oximetry (measuring the oxygen level of the blood).

Heart Rate Measurement

The oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in the arterial blood has the characteristic of absorbing IR light. The redder the blood (the higher the hemoglobin), the more IR light is absorbed. As the blood is pumped through the finger with each heartbeat, the amount of reflected light changes, creating a changing waveform at the output of the photodetector. As you continue to shine light and take photodetector readings, you quickly start to get a heart-beat (HR) pulse reading.

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry is based on the principle that the amount of RED and IR light absorbed varies depending on the amount of oxygen in your blood.

Example