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4.1.11 Morse Code Generator¶

Introduction¶

In this project, we’ll make a Morse code generator, where you type in a series of English letters in the Raspberry Pi to make it appear as Morse code.

Required Components¶

In this project, we need the following components.

../_images/4.1.16_morse_code_generator_list.png

It’s definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here’s the link:

Name	ITEMS IN THIS KIT	LINK
Raphael Kit	337	Raphael Kit

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

COMPONENT INTRODUCTION	PURCHASE LINK
GPIO Extension Board	BUY
Breadboard	BUY
Jumper Wires	BUY
Resistor	BUY
LED	BUY
Buzzer	-
Transistor	BUY

Schematic Diagram¶

T-Board Name	physical	wiringPi	BCM
GPIO17	Pin 11	0	17
GPIO22	Pin 15	3	22

../_images/4.1.16_morse_code_generator_schematic.png

Experimental Procedures¶

Step 1: Build the circuit. (Pay attention to poles of the buzzer: The one with + label is the positive pole and the other is the negative.)

../_images/4.1.16_morse_code_generator_circuit.png

Step 2: Open the code file.

cd ~/raphael-kit/python-pi5

Step 3: Run.

sudo python3 4.1.16_MorseCodeGenerator_zero.py

After the program runs, type a series of characters, and the buzzer and the LED will send the corresponding Morse code signals.

Code

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gpiozero import Buzzer, LED
import time

# Initialize Buzzer and LED to GPIO pins
BeepPin = Buzzer(22)
ALedPin = LED(17)

# Morse code representation for characters
MORSECODE = {
    'A': '01', 'B': '1000', 'C': '1010', 'D': '100', 'E': '0', 'F': '0010', 'G': '110',
    'H': '0000', 'I': '00', 'J': '0111', 'K': '101', 'L': '0100', 'M': '11', 'N': '10',
    'O': '111', 'P': '0110', 'Q': '1101', 'R': '010', 'S': '000', 'T': '1',
    'U': '001', 'V': '0001', 'W': '011', 'X': '1001', 'Y': '1011', 'Z': '1100',
    '1': '01111', '2': '00111', '3': '00011', '4': '00001', '5': '00000',
    '6': '10000', '7': '11000', '8': '11100', '9': '11110', '0': '11111',
    '?': '001100', '/': '10010', ',': '110011', '.': '010101', ';': '101010',
    '!': '101011', '@': '011010', ':': '111000',
}

def on():
    """ Turn on the buzzer and LED. """
    BeepPin.on()
    ALedPin.on()

def off():
    """ Turn off the buzzer and LED. """
    BeepPin.off()
    ALedPin.off()

def beep(dt):  # dt for delay time.
    """
    Produce a beep sound and LED flash for the specified duration.
    :param dt: Duration for the beep and flash.
    """
    on()
    time.sleep(dt)
    off()
    time.sleep(dt)

def morsecode(code):
    """
    Convert the input code into Morse code and signal it using the buzzer and LED.
    :param code: The text to be converted to Morse code.
    """
    pause = 0.25
    for letter in code:
        for tap in MORSECODE[letter]:
            if tap == '0':
                beep(pause / 2)  # Short beep for dot
            if tap == '1':
                beep(pause)      # Long beep for dash
        time.sleep(pause)  # Pause between letters

def destroy():
    """ Clean up resources on script termination. """
    print("")
    BeepPin.off()
    ALedPin.off()

try:
    while True:
        code = input("Please input the messenger:")
        code = code.upper()  # Convert to uppercase for Morse code lookup
        print(code)
        morsecode(code)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    destroy()

Code Explanation

This code imports the Buzzer and LED classes from the gpiozero library. These classes are essential for controlling the corresponding GPIO devices on the Raspberry Pi.
```
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gpiozero import Buzzer, LED
import time
```
Initializes the buzzer on GPIO pin 22 and the LED on GPIO pin 17, facilitating the control of these components.
```
# Initialize Buzzer and LED to GPIO pins
BeepPin = Buzzer(22)
ALedPin = LED(17)
```

Defines the MORSE structure, a dictionary containing Morse code representations for characters A-Z, numbers 0-9, and symbols like “?”, “/”, “:”, “,”, “.”, “;”, “!”, “@”, with 0 signifying a dot and 1 indicating a dash.

# Morse code representation for characters
MORSECODE = {
    'A': '01', 'B': '1000', 'C': '1010', 'D': '100', 'E': '0', 'F': '0010', 'G': '110',
    'H': '0000', 'I': '00', 'J': '0111', 'K': '101', 'L': '0100', 'M': '11', 'N': '10',
    'O': '111', 'P': '0110', 'Q': '1101', 'R': '010', 'S': '000', 'T': '1',
    'U': '001', 'V': '0001', 'W': '011', 'X': '1001', 'Y': '1011', 'Z': '1100',
    '1': '01111', '2': '00111', '3': '00011', '4': '00001', '5': '00000',
    '6': '10000', '7': '11000', '8': '11100', '9': '11110', '0': '11111',
    '?': '001100', '/': '10010', ',': '110011', '.': '010101', ';': '101010',
    '!': '101011', '@': '011010', ':': '111000',
}

The function on() starts the buzzer and the LED. The function off() is used to turn off the buzzer and the LED.

def on():
    """ Turn on the buzzer and LED. """
    BeepPin.on()
    ALedPin.on()

def off():
    """ Turn off the buzzer and LED. """
    BeepPin.off()
    ALedPin.off()

Define a function beep() to make the buzzer and the LED emit sounds and blink in a certain interval of dt.

def beep(dt):  # dt for delay time.
    """
    Produce a beep sound and LED flash for the specified duration.
    :param dt: Duration for the beep and flash.
    """
    on()
    time.sleep(dt)
    off()
    time.sleep(dt)

The function morsecode() is used to process the Morse code of input characters by making the “1” of the code keep emitting sounds or lights and the “0”shortly emit sounds or lights, ex., input “SOS”, and there will be a signal containing three short three long and then three short segments “ · · · - - - · · · ”.

def morsecode(code):
    """
    Convert the input code into Morse code and signal it using the buzzer and LED.
    :param code: The text to be converted to Morse code.
    """
    pause = 0.25
    for letter in code:
        for tap in MORSECODE[letter]:
            if tap == '0':
                beep(pause / 2)  # Short beep for dot
            if tap == '1':
                beep(pause)      # Long beep for dash
        time.sleep(pause)  # Pause between letters

Defines a function named destroy that turns off both the buzzer and the LED. This function is intended to be called when the script is terminated to ensure that the GPIO pins are not left in an active state.
```
def destroy():
    """ Clean up resources on script termination. """
    print("")
    BeepPin.off()
    ALedPin.off()
```

When you type the relevant characters with the keyboard, upper() will convert the input letters to their capital form. printf() then prints the clear text on the computer screen, and the morsecod() function causes the buzzer and the LED to emit Morse code.

try:
    while True:
        code = input("Please input the messenger:")
        code = code.upper()  # Convert to uppercase for Morse code lookup
        print(code)
        morsecode(code)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    destroy()