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2.1.3 Tilt Switchο
Introductionο
This is a ball tilt-switch with a metal ball inside. It is used to detect inclinations of a small angle.
Componentsο
Principleο
Tilt
The principle is very simple. When the switch is tilted in a certain angle, the ball inside rolls down and touches the two contacts connected to the pins outside, thus triggering circuits. Otherwise the ball will stay away from the contacts, thus breaking the circuits.
Schematic Diagramο
Experimental Proceduresο
Step 1: Build the circuit.
For C Language Usersο
Step 2: Change directory.
cd ~/davinci-kit-for-raspberry-pi/c/2.1.3/
Step 3: Compile.
gcc 2.1.3_Tilt.c -lwiringPi
Step 4: Run.
sudo ./a.out
Place the tilt horizontally, and the green LED will turns on. If you tilt it, "Tilt!" will be printed on the screen and the red LED will lights on. Place it horizontally again, and the green LED will turns on again.
Note
If it does not work after running, or there is an error prompt: "wiringPi.h: No such file or directory", please refer to Install and Check the WiringPi.
Code
#include <wiringPi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define TiltPin 0
#define Gpin 2
#define Rpin 3
void LED(char* color)
{
pinMode(Gpin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Rpin, OUTPUT);
if (color == "RED")
{
digitalWrite(Rpin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Gpin, LOW);
}
else if (color == "GREEN")
{
digitalWrite(Rpin, LOW);
digitalWrite(Gpin, HIGH);
}
else
printf("LED Error");
}
int main(void)
{
if(wiringPiSetup() == -1){ //when initialize wiring failed,print message to screen
printf("setup wiringPi failed !");
return 1;
}
pinMode(TiltPin, INPUT);
LED("GREEN");
while(1){
if(0 == digitalRead(TiltPin)){
delay(10);
if(0 == digitalRead(TiltPin)){
LED("RED");
printf("Tilt!\n");
delay(100);
}
}
else if(1 == digitalRead(TiltPin)){
delay(10);
if(1 == digitalRead(TiltPin)){
LED("GREEN");
}
}
}
return 0;
}
Code Explanation
void LED(char* color)
{
pinMode(Gpin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Rpin, OUTPUT);
if (color == "RED")
{
digitalWrite(Rpin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Gpin, LOW);
}
else if (color == "GREEN")
{
digitalWrite(Rpin, LOW);
digitalWrite(Gpin, HIGH);
}
else
printf("LED Error");
}
Define a function LED() to turn the two LEDs on or off. If the parameter color is RED, the red LED lights up; similarly, if the parameter color is GREEN, the green LED will turns on.
while(1){
if(0 == digitalRead(TiltPin)){
delay(10);
if(0 == digitalRead(TiltPin)){
LED("RED");
printf("Tilt!\n");
}
}
else if(1 == digitalRead(TiltPin)){
delay(10);
if(1 == digitalRead(TiltPin)){
LED("GREEN");
}
}
}
If the read value of tilt switch is 0, it means that the tilt switch is tilted then you write the parameter "RED" into function LED to get the red LED lighten up; otherwise, the green LED will lit.
For Python Language Usersο
Step 2: Change directory.
cd ~/davinci-kit-for-raspberry-pi/python/
Step 3: Run.
sudo python3 2.1.3_Tilt.py
Place the tilt horizontally, and the green LED will turns on. If you tilt it, "Tilt!" will be printed on the screen and the red LED will turns on. Place it horizontally again, and the green LED will lights on.
Code
Note
You can Modify/Reset/Copy/Run/Stop the code below. But before that, you need to go to source code path like davinci-kit-for-raspberry-pi/python.
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
dhtPin = 17
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
MAX_UNCHANGE_COUNT = 100
STATE_INIT_PULL_DOWN = 1
STATE_INIT_PULL_UP = 2
STATE_DATA_FIRST_PULL_DOWN = 3
STATE_DATA_PULL_UP = 4
STATE_DATA_PULL_DOWN = 5
def readDht11():
GPIO.setup(dhtPin, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(dhtPin, GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(0.05)
GPIO.output(dhtPin, GPIO.LOW)
time.sleep(0.02)
GPIO.setup(dhtPin, GPIO.IN, GPIO.PUD_UP)
unchanged_count = 0
last = -1
data = []
while True:
current = GPIO.input(dhtPin)
data.append(current)
if last != current:
unchanged_count = 0
last = current
else:
unchanged_count += 1
if unchanged_count > MAX_UNCHANGE_COUNT:
break
state = STATE_INIT_PULL_DOWN
lengths = []
current_length = 0
for current in data:
current_length += 1
if state == STATE_INIT_PULL_DOWN:
if current == GPIO.LOW:
state = STATE_INIT_PULL_UP
else:
continue
if state == STATE_INIT_PULL_UP:
if current == GPIO.HIGH:
state = STATE_DATA_FIRST_PULL_DOWN
else:
continue
if state == STATE_DATA_FIRST_PULL_DOWN:
if current == GPIO.LOW:
state = STATE_DATA_PULL_UP
else:
continue
if state == STATE_DATA_PULL_UP:
if current == GPIO.HIGH:
current_length = 0
state = STATE_DATA_PULL_DOWN
else:
continue
if state == STATE_DATA_PULL_DOWN:
if current == GPIO.LOW:
lengths.append(current_length)
state = STATE_DATA_PULL_UP
else:
continue
if len(lengths) != 40:
#print ("Data not good, skip")
return False
shortest_pull_up = min(lengths)
longest_pull_up = max(lengths)
halfway = (longest_pull_up + shortest_pull_up) / 2
bits = []
the_bytes = []
byte = 0
for length in lengths:
bit = 0
if length > halfway:
bit = 1
bits.append(bit)
#print ("bits: %s, length: %d" % (bits, len(bits)))
for i in range(0, len(bits)):
byte = byte << 1
if (bits[i]):
byte = byte | 1
else:
byte = byte | 0
if ((i + 1) % 8 == 0):
the_bytes.append(byte)
byte = 0
#print (the_bytes)
checksum = (the_bytes[0] + the_bytes[1] + the_bytes[2] + the_bytes[3]) & 0xFF
if the_bytes[4] != checksum:
#print ("Data not good, skip")
return False
return the_bytes[0], the_bytes[2]
def main():
while True:
result = readDht11()
if result:
humidity, temperature = result
print ("humidity: %s %%, Temperature: %s C`" % (humidity, temperature))
time.sleep(1)
def destroy():
GPIO.cleanup()
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
destroy()
Code Explanation
GPIO.add_event_detect(TiltPin, GPIO.BOTH, callback=detect, bouncetime=200)
Set up a detect on TiltPin, and callback function to detect.
def Led(x):
if x == 0:
GPIO.output(Rpin, 1)
GPIO.output(Gpin, 0)
if x == 1:
GPIO.output(Rpin, 0)
GPIO.output(Gpin, 1)
Define a function Led() to turn the two LEDs on or off. If x=0, the red LED lights up; otherwise, the green LED will be lit.
def Print(x):
if x == 0:
print (' *************')
print (' * Tilt! *')
print (' *************')
Create a function, Print() to print the characters above on the screen.
def detect(chn):
Led(GPIO.input(TiltPin))
Print(GPIO.input(TiltPin))
Define a callback function for tilt callback. Get the read value of the tilt switch then the function LedοΌοΌ controls the turning on or off of the two LEDs that is depended on the read value of the tilt switch.
Phenomenon Pictureο
