2.15 - Two Kinds of Transistors

This kit is equipped with two types of transistors, S8550 and S8050, the former is PNP and the latter is NPN. They look very similar, and we need to check carefully to see their labels. When a High level signal goes through an NPN transistor, it is energized. But a PNP one needs a Low level signal to manage it. Both types of transistor are frequently used for contactless switches, just like in this experiment.

img_NPN&PNP

Let’s use LED and button to understand how to use transistor!

Transistor

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components.

It’s definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here’s the link:

Name

ITEMS IN THIS KIT

PURCHASE LINK

Kepler Kit

450+

Kepler Kit

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

SN

COMPONENT INTRODUCTION

QUANTITY

PURCHASE LINK

1

Raspberry Pi Pico W

1

BUY

2

Micro USB Cable

1

3

Breadboard

1

BUY

4

Jumper Wires

Several

BUY

5

Resistor

3(220Ω, 1KΩ, 10KΩ)

BUY

6

LED

1

BUY

7

Button

1

BUY

8

Transistor

1(S8050/S8550)

BUY

Way to connect NPN (S8050) transistor

sch_s8050

In this circuit, when the button is pressed, GP14 is high.

By programming GP15 to output high, after a 1k current limiting resistor (to protect the transistor), the S8050 (NPN transistor) is allowed to conduct, thus allowing the LED to light up.

wiring_s8050

Way to connect PNP(S8550) transistor

sch_s8550

In this circuit, GP14 is low by the default and will change to high when the button is pressed.

By programming GP15 to output low, after a 1k current limiting resistor (to protect the transistor), the S8550 (PNP transistor) is allowed to conduct, thus allowing the LED to light up.

The only difference you will notice between this circuit and the previous one is that in the previous circuit the cathode of the LED is connected to the collector of the S8050 (NPN transistor), while this one is connected to the emitter of the S8550 (PNP transistor).

wiring_s8550

Code

Note

  • You can open the file 2.15_transistor.ino under the path of kepler-kit-main/arduino/2.15_transistor.

  • Or copy this code into Arduino IDE.

  • Don’t forget to select the board(Raspberry Pi Pico) and the correct port before clicking the Upload button.

Two kinds of transistors can be controlled with the same code. When we press the button, Pico W will send a high-level signal to the transistor; when we release it, it will send a low-level signal. We can see that diametrically opposite phenomena have occurred in the two circuits.

  • The circuit using the S8050 (NPN transistor) will light up when the button is pressed, which means it is receiving a high-level conduction circuit;

  • The circuit that uses the S8550 (PNP transistor) will light up when it is released, which means it is receiving a low-level conduction circuit.