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2.2.7 PIR

Introduction

In this project, we will make a device by using the human body infrared pyroelectric sensors. When someone gets closer to the LED, the LED will turn on automatically. If not, the light will turn off. This infrared motion sensor is a kind of sensor that can detect the infrared emitted by human and animals.

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components.

It’s definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here’s the link:

Name	ITEMS IN THIS KIT	LINK
Raphael Kit	337	Raphael Kit

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

COMPONENT INTRODUCTION	PURCHASE LINK
GPIO Extension Board	BUY
Breadboard	BUY
Jumper Wires	BUY
Resistor	BUY
RGB LED	BUY
PIR Motion Sensor Module	-

Schematic Diagram

Experimental Procedures

Step 1: Build the circuit.

Step 2: Go to the folder of the code.

cd ~/raphael-kit/python-pi5

Step 3: Run the executable file.

sudo python3 2.2.7_PIR_zero.py

After the code runs, PIR detects surroundings and let RGB LED glow yellow if it senses someone walking by.

There are two potentiometers on the PIR module: one is to adjust sensitivity and the other is to adjust the detection distance. To make the PIR module work better, you You need to turn both of them counterclockwise to the end.

Warning

If there is an error prompt RuntimeError: Cannot determine SOC peripheral base address, please refer to If gpiozero doesn’t work.

Code

Note

You can Modify/Reset/Copy/Run/Stop the code below. But before that, you need to go to source code path like raphael-kit/python-pi5. After modifying the code, you can run it directly to see the effect.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gpiozero import RGBLED, MotionSensor
from time import sleep

# Initialize RGB LED and PIR motion sensor using GPIO Zero library
led = RGBLED(red=18, green=27, blue=22)  # RGB LED connected to GPIO pins 18 (Red), 27 (Green), 22 (Blue)
pir = MotionSensor(17)  # PIR sensor connected to GPIO pin 17

try:
    # Continuously monitor for motion and update LED color
    while True:
        if pir.motion_detected:  # Check for motion detected by PIR sensor
            led.color = (1, 1, 0)  # Set LED color to yellow (Red + Green)
        else:
            led.color = (0, 0, 1)  # Set LED color to blue (only Blue)
        sleep(0.1)  # Short delay to reduce CPU load

except KeyboardInterrupt:
    # Handle KeyboardInterrupt (Ctrl+C) to exit the loop gracefully
    pass

Code Explanation

Imports the RGBLED class for controlling an RGB LED and the MotionSensor class for motion detection from the GPIO Zero library. Also imports the sleep function for creating delays.
```
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gpiozero import RGBLED, MotionSensor
from time import sleep
```

Initializes an RGB LED with red, green, and blue components connected to GPIO pins 18, 27, and 22, respectively. Also, initializes a PIR sensor on GPIO pin 17.

# Initialize RGB LED and PIR motion sensor using GPIO Zero library
led = RGBLED(red=18, green=27, blue=22)  # RGB LED connected to GPIO pins 18 (Red), 27 (Green), 22 (Blue)
pir = MotionSensor(17)  # PIR sensor connected to GPIO pin 17

The program enters an infinite loop, continuously checking for motion using the PIR sensor. If motion is detected, the LED is set to yellow (mix of red and green). If no motion is detected, the LED turns blue. A short sleep of 0.1 seconds reduces CPU load.

try:
    # Continuously monitor for motion and update LED color
    while True:
        if pir.motion_detected:  # Check for motion detected by PIR sensor
            led.color = (1, 1, 0)  # Set LED color to yellow (Red + Green)
        else:
            led.color = (0, 0, 1)  # Set LED color to blue (only Blue)
        sleep(0.1)  # Short delay to reduce CPU load

except KeyboardInterrupt:
    # Handle KeyboardInterrupt (Ctrl+C) to exit the loop gracefully
    pass