Operators¶
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
Arithmetic Operators¶
You can use arithmetic operators to do some common mathematical operations.
Operator |
Name |
---|---|
|
Addition |
|
Subtraction |
|
Multiplication |
|
Division |
|
Modulus |
|
Exponentiation |
|
Floor division |
x = 5
y = 3
a = x + y
b = x - y
c = x * y
d = x / y
e = x % y
f = x ** y
g = x // y
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
print(e)
print(f)
print(g)
>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT
8
2
15
1.666667
2
125
1
8
2
15
>>>
Assignment operators¶
Assignment operators can used to assign values to variables.
Operator |
Example |
Same As |
---|---|---|
|
a = 6 |
a =6 |
|
a += 6 |
a = a + 6 |
|
a -= 6 |
a = a - 6 |
|
a *= 6 |
a = a * 6 |
|
a /= 6 |
a = a / 6 |
|
a %= 6 |
a = a % 6 |
|
a **= 6 |
a = a ** 6 |
|
a //= 6 |
a = a // 6 |
|
a &= 6 |
a = a & 6 |
|
a |= 6 |
a = a | 6 |
|
a ^= 6 |
a = a ^ 6 |
|
a >>= 6 |
a = a >> 6 |
|
a <<= 6 |
a = a << 6 |
a = 6
a *= 6
print(a)
>>> %Run test.py
36
>>>
Comparison Operators¶
Comparison operators are used to compare two values.
Operator |
Name |
---|---|
|
Equal |
|
Not equal |
|
Less than |
|
Greater than |
|
Greater than or equal to |
|
Less than or equal to |
a = 6
b = 8
print(a>b)
>>> %Run test.py
False
>>>
Return False, beause the a is less than the b.
Logical Operators¶
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.
Operator |
Description |
---|---|
|
Returns True if both statements are true |
|
Returns True if one of the statements is true |
|
Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true |
a = 6
print(a > 2 and a < 8)
>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT
True
>>>
Identity Operators¶
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location.
Operator |
Description |
---|---|
|
Returns True if both variables are the same object |
|
Returns True if both variables are not the same object |
a = ["hello", "welcome"]
b = ["hello", "welcome"]
c = a
print(a is c)
# returns True because z is the same object as x
print(a is b)
# returns False because x is not the same object as y, even if they have the same content
print(a == b)
# returns True because x is equal to y
>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT
True
False
True
>>>
Membership Operators¶
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object.
Operator |
Description |
---|---|
|
Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object |
|
Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object |
a = ["hello", "welcome", "Goodmorning"]
print("welcome" in a)
>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT
True
>>>
Bitwise Operators¶
Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers.
Operator |
Name |
Description |
---|---|---|
|
AND |
Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 |
|
OR |
Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 |
|
XOR |
Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 |
|
NOT |
Inverts all the bits |
|
Zero fill left shift |
Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off |
|
Signed right shift |
Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off |
num = 2
print(num & 1)
print(num | 1)
print(num << 1)
>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT
0
3
4
>>>