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.. _1.1.5_py_pi5:
1.1.5 4-Digit 7-Segment Display
====================================
Introducci贸n
-----------------
A continuaci贸n, sigue mis instrucciones para intentar controlar la pantalla de 7 segmentos de 4 d铆gitos.
Componentes Necesarios
------------------------------
En este proyecto, necesitaremos los siguientes componentes.
.. image:: ../python_pi5/img/1.1.5_4_digit_list.png
Es definitivamente conveniente comprar un kit completo, aqu铆 est谩 el enlace:
.. list-table::
:widths: 20 20 20
:header-rows: 1
* - Nombre
- ART脥CULOS EN ESTE KIT
- ENLACE
* - Raphael Kit
- 337
- |link_Raphael_kit|
Tambi茅n puedes comprarlos por separado en los siguientes enlaces.
.. list-table::
:widths: 30 20
:header-rows: 1
* - INTRODUCCI脫N DEL COMPONENTE
- ENLACE DE COMPRA
* - :ref:`cpn_gpio_board`
- |link_gpio_board_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_breadboard`
- |link_breadboard_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_wires`
- |link_wires_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_resistor`
- |link_resistor_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_4_digit`
- \-
* - :ref:`cpn_74hc595`
- |link_74hc595_buy|
Diagrama Esquem谩tico
--------------------------
==================== ========== ===
Nombre de la T-Board Pin f铆sica BCM
GPIO17 Pin 11 17
GPIO27 Pin 13 27
GPIO22 Pin 15 22
SPIMOSI Pin 19 10
GPIO18 Pin 12 18
GPIO23 Pin 16 23
GPIO24 Pin 18 24
==================== ========== ===
.. image:: ../python_pi5/img/1.1.5_4_digit_schmatic.png
Procedimientos Experimentales
-----------------------------------
**Paso 1**: Construir el circuito.
.. image:: ../python_pi5/img/1.1.5_4-Digit_circuit.png
**Paso 2:** Ir a la carpeta del c贸digo.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block::
cd ~/raphael-kit/python-pi5
**Paso 3:** Ejecutar el archivo ejecutable.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block::
sudo python3 1.1.5_4-Digit_zero.py
Despu茅s de ejecutar el c贸digo, el programa realiza un conteo, aumentando de 1 en 1 cada segundo, y la pantalla de 4 d铆gitos muestra el conteo.
.. warning::
Si recibe el mensaje de error ``RuntimeError: Cannot determine SOC peripheral base address``, consulte :ref:`faq_soc`
**C贸digo**
.. note::
Puedes **Modificar/Restablecer/Copiar/Ejecutar/Detener** el c贸digo a continuaci贸n. Pero antes de eso, necesitas ir a la ruta del c贸digo fuente como ``raphael-kit/python-pi5``. Despu茅s de modificar el c贸digo, puedes ejecutarlo directamente para ver el efecto.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block:: python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gpiozero import OutputDevice
import time
import threading
# Define GPIO pins for the 74HC595 shift register
SDI = OutputDevice(24) # Serial Data Input
RCLK = OutputDevice(23) # Register Clock
SRCLK = OutputDevice(18) # Shift Register Clock
# Define GPIO pins for digit selection on the 7-segment display
placePin = [OutputDevice(pin) for pin in (10, 22, 27, 17)]
# Define segment codes for numbers 0-9 for the 7-segment display
number = (0xc0, 0xf9, 0xa4, 0xb0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xf8, 0x80, 0x90)
counter = 0 # Initialize counter for display
timer1 = 0 # Initialize timer for counter increment
def clearDisplay():
""" Clear the 7-segment display. """
for _ in range(8):
SDI.on()
SRCLK.on()
SRCLK.off()
RCLK.on()
RCLK.off()
def hc595_shift(data):
""" Shift a byte of data to the 74HC595 shift register. """
for i in range(8):
SDI.value = 0x80 & (data << i) # Set SDI high/low based on data bit
SRCLK.on() # Pulse the Shift Register Clock
SRCLK.off()
RCLK.on() # Latch data on the output by pulsing Register Clock
RCLK.off()
def pickDigit(digit):
""" Select a digit for display on the 7-segment display. """
for pin in placePin:
pin.off() # Turn off all digit selection pins
placePin[digit].on() # Turn on the selected digit
def timer():
""" Timer function to increment the counter every second. """
global counter, timer1
timer1 = threading.Timer(1.0, timer) # Reset timer for next increment
timer1.start()
counter += 1 # Increment counter
print("%d" % counter) # Print current counter value
def setup():
""" Setup initial state and start the timer. """
global timer1
timer1 = threading.Timer(1.0, timer) # Initialize and start the timer
timer1.start()
def loop():
""" Main loop to update the 7-segment display with counter value. """
global counter
while True:
for i in range(4): # Loop through each digit
clearDisplay() # Clear display before setting new digit
pickDigit(i) # Select digit for display
# Choose the digit of counter to display
digit = (counter // (10 ** i)) % 10
hc595_shift(number[digit]) # Shift digit value to 74HC595
time.sleep(0.001) # Short delay for display stability
def destroy():
""" Cleanup GPIO resources and stop timer on exit. """
global timer1
timer1.cancel() # Stop the timer
for device in [SDI, RCLK, SRCLK] + placePin:
device.close() # Close GPIO devices
try:
setup() # Initialize the setup
while True:
loop() # Start the main loop
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Handle script interruption (e.g., Ctrl+C)
destroy() # Cleanup resources on exit
**Explicaci贸n del C贸digo**
#. Estos cuatro pines controlan los pines de 谩nodo com煤n de los displays de 7 segmentos de cuatro d铆gitos.
.. code-block:: python
# Define GPIO pins for digit selection on the 7-segment display
placePin = [OutputDevice(pin) for pin in (10, 22, 27, 17)]
#. Un arreglo de c贸digos de segmentos de 0 a 9 en hexadecimal (谩nodo com煤n).
.. code-block:: python
# Define segment codes for numbers 0-9 for the 7-segment display
number = (0xc0, 0xf9, 0xa4, 0xb0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xf8, 0x80, 0x90)
#. Inicializa un temporizador que activa la funci贸n ``timer`` cada segundo. Esto configura el incremento recurrente del contador.
.. code-block:: python
def setup():
""" Setup initial state and start the timer. """
global timer1
timer1 = threading.Timer(1.0, timer) # Initialize and start the timer
timer1.start()
#. Despu茅s de que el temporizador alcanza 1.0s, se llama a la funci贸n del temporizador; se suma 1 al contador, y el temporizador se usa nuevamente para ejecutarse repetidamente cada segundo.
.. code-block:: python
def timer():
""" Timer function to increment the counter every second. """
global counter, timer1
timer1 = threading.Timer(1.0, timer) # Reset timer for next increment
timer1.start()
counter += 1 # Increment counter
print("%d" % counter) # Print current counter value
#. Desplaza un byte de datos al registro de desplazamiento 74HC595, controlando los segmentos de la pantalla.
.. code-block:: python
def hc595_shift(data):
""" Shift a byte of data to the 74HC595 shift register. """
for i in range(8):
SDI.value = 0x80 & (data << i) # Set SDI high/low based on data bit
SRCLK.on() # Pulse the Shift Register Clock
SRCLK.off()
RCLK.on() # Latch data on the output by pulsing Register Clock
RCLK.off()
#. Actualiza continuamente la pantalla con el valor actual del contador, mostrando cada d铆gito secuencialmente.
.. code-block:: python
def loop():
""" Main loop to update the 7-segment display with counter value. """
global counter
while True:
for i in range(4): # Loop through each digit
clearDisplay() # Clear display before setting new digit
pickDigit(i) # Select digit for display
digit = (counter // (10 ** i)) % 10
hc595_shift(number[digit]) # Shift digit value to 74HC595
time.sleep(0.001) # Short delay for display stability
#. Limpia la pantalla de 7 segmentos apagando todos los segmentos antes de mostrar el siguiente d铆gito.
.. code-block:: python
def clearDisplay():
""" Clear the 7-segment display. """
for _ in range(8):
SDI.on()
SRCLK.on()
SRCLK.off()
RCLK.on()
RCLK.off()
#. Selecciona qu茅 d铆gito de la pantalla de 7 segmentos activar. Cada d铆gito es controlado por un pin GPIO separado.
.. code-block:: python
def pickDigit(digit):
""" Select a digit for display on the 7-segment display. """
for pin in placePin:
pin.off() # Turn off all digit selection pins
placePin[digit].on() # Turn on the selected digit
#. Libera correctamente los recursos GPIO y detiene el temporizador cuando el programa es interrumpido.
.. code-block:: python
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Handle script interruption (e.g., Ctrl+C)
destroy() # Cleanup resources on exit