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.. _1.3.2_js:

1.3.2 Servo
============

Introduction
--------------

In this project, we will learn how to make the servo rotate.

Required Components
------------------------------

In this project, we need the following components. 

.. image:: ../img/list_1.3.2.png

It's definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here's the link: 

.. list-table::
    :widths: 20 20 20
    :header-rows: 1

    *   - Name	
        - ITEMS IN THIS KIT
        - LINK
    *   - Raphael Kit
        - 337
        - |link_Raphael_kit|

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

.. list-table::
    :widths: 30 20
    :header-rows: 1

    *   - COMPONENT INTRODUCTION
        - PURCHASE LINK

    *   - :ref:`cpn_gpio_board`
        - |link_gpio_board_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_breadboard`
        - |link_breadboard_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_wires`
        - |link_wires_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_servo`
        - |link_servo_buy|

Schematic Diagram
-----------------

.. image:: ../img/image337.png


Experimental Procedures
-----------------------

**Step 1:** Build the circuit.

.. image:: ../img/image125.png

**Step 2**: Go to the folder of the code.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    cd ~/raphael-kit/nodejs/

**Step 3**: Run the code.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    sudo node servo.js

After the program is executed, the servo will rotate from 0 degrees 
to 180 degrees, and then from 180 degrees to 0 degrees, circularly.

**Code**

.. code-block:: js

    const Gpio = require('pigpio').Gpio;

    SERVO_MIN_ANGLE = 0
    SERVO_MAX_ANGLE = 180
    SERVO_MIN_PULSE = 500
    SERVO_MAX_PULSE = 2500

    ServoPin = new Gpio(18,{mode: Gpio.OUTPUT})

    function map(value, inMin, inMax, outMin, outMax){
        return (outMax - outMin) * (value - inMin) / (inMax - inMin) + outMin
    }

    function angle2pulse(angle){
        return Math.floor(map(angle,SERVO_MIN_ANGLE,SERVO_MAX_ANGLE,SERVO_MIN_PULSE ,SERVO_MAX_PULSE))
    }

    let angle=90;
    let step=5;
    setInterval(() => {
        if(angle>=180||angle<=0){
            step=-step
        }
        angle+=step;
        ServoPin.servoWrite(angle2pulse(angle));
    }, 20);


**Code Explanation**

.. code-block:: js

    const Gpio = require('pigpio').Gpio;

    ServoPin = new Gpio(18,{mode: Gpio.OUTPUT})

Import the pigpio module and create an object of class Gpio, ServoPin, to control the output of Gpio18.    
  

.. code-block:: js

    SERVO_MIN_ANGLE = 0
    SERVO_MAX_ANGLE = 180
    SERVO_MIN_PULSE = 500
    SERVO_MAX_PULSE = 2500

    function map(value, inMin, inMax, outMin, outMax){
        return (outMax - outMin) * (value - inMin) / (inMax - inMin) + outMin
    }

    function angle2pulse(angle){
        return Math.floor(map(angle,SERVO_MIN_ANGLE,SERVO_MAX_ANGLE,SERVO_MIN_PULSE ,SERVO_MAX_PULSE))
    }

The function that maps the angle to the pulse width is defined here.
This is because the servo control function ``servoWrite(pulseWidth)`` encapsulated in the Gpio class needs to write pulse width instead of angle.
The angle range of the servo we use is 0~180, which needs to be mapped to the range of pulseWidth, 500~2500.

.. code-block:: js

    let angle=90;
    let step=5;
    setInterval(() => {
        if(angle>=180||angle<=0){
            step=-step
        }
        angle+=step;
        ServoPin.servoWrite(angle2pulse(angle));
    }, 20);

Let the servo angle deflect back and forth from 0 to 180.


Phenomenon Picture
------------------

.. image:: ../img/image126.jpeg