.. note::

    Hello, welcome to the SunFounder Raspberry Pi & Arduino & ESP32 Enthusiasts Community on Facebook! Dive deeper into Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32 with fellow enthusiasts.

    **Why Join?**

    - **Expert Support**: Solve post-sale issues and technical challenges with help from our community and team.
    - **Learn & Share**: Exchange tips and tutorials to enhance your skills.
    - **Exclusive Previews**: Get early access to new product announcements and sneak peeks.
    - **Special Discounts**: Enjoy exclusive discounts on our newest products.
    - **Festive Promotions and Giveaways**: Take part in giveaways and holiday promotions.

    👉 Ready to explore and create with us? Click [|link_sf_facebook|] and join today!

3.1.6 Motion Control
======================

Introduction
-----------------

In this lesson, we will make a simple motion sensing and controlling
device. The MPU6050 is used as a sensor and the stepper motor as a
controlled device. With the MPU6050 mounted on the glove, you can
control the stepper motor by rotating your wrist.

Components
---------------

.. image:: img/list_Motion_Control.png
    :align: center

Schematic Diagram
--------------------------

============ ======== ======== ===
T-Board Name physical wiringPi BCM
GPIO18       Pin 12   1        18
GPIO23       Pin 16   4        23
GPIO24       Pin 18   5        24
GPIO25       Pin 22   6        25
SDA1         Pin 3             
SCL1         Pin 5             
============ ======== ======== ===

.. image:: img/Schematic_three_one6.png
   :align: center

Experimental Procedures
------------------------------

**Step 1:** Build the circuit.

.. image:: img/image251.png
   :width: 800
   :align: center

**For C Language Users**
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

**Step 2**: Go to the folder of the code.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block:: 

    cd ~/davinci-kit-for-raspberry-pi/c/3.1.6/

**Step 3**: Compile the code.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block:: 

    gcc 3.1.6_MotionControl.c -lwiringPi -lm

**Step 4**: Run the executable file.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block:: 

    sudo ./a.out

As the code runs, if the tilt angle of **mpu6050** on the
`Y <https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=Y&FORM=BDVSP6&mkt=zh-cn>`__-`axis <https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=axis&FORM=BDVSP6&mkt=zh-cn>`__
is larger than **45** ℃, the stepper motor rotates anticlockwise; if
less than **-45** ℃, the stepper motor rotates clockwise.

.. note::

    If it does not work after running, or there is an error prompt: \"wiringPi.h: No such file or directory\", please refer to :ref:`install_wiringpi`.


**Code Explanation**

.. code-block:: c

    double mpu6050(){
        acclX = read_word_2c(0x3B);
        acclY = read_word_2c(0x3D);
        acclZ = read_word_2c(0x3F);
        acclX_scaled = acclX / 16384.0;
        acclY_scaled = acclY / 16384.0;
        acclZ_scaled = acclZ / 16384.0;
        double angle=get_y_rotation(acclX_scaled, acclY_scaled, acclZ_scaled);
        return angle;
    }

mpu6050 gets the tilt angle in the direction of the Y-axis.

.. code-block:: c

    void rotary(char direction){
        if(direction == 'c'){
            for(int j=0;j<4;j++){
                for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
                    {digitalWrite(motorPin[i],0x99>>j & (0x08>>i));}
                delayMicroseconds(stepSpeed);
            }        
        }
        else if(direction =='a'){
            for(int j=0;j<4;j++){
                for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
                    {digitalWrite(motorPin[i],0x99<<j & (0x80>>i));}
                delayMicroseconds(stepSpeed);
            }   
        }
    }

If the received direction **key** is \'**c**\', the stepper motor
rotates clockwise; if the **key** is \'**a**\', the motor rotates
anticlockwise. Refer to :ref:`1.3.3_stepper` for more details about
the calculation of the rotating direction of the stepper motor.

.. code-block:: c

    int main()
    {
        setup();
        double angle;
        while(1) {
            angle = mpu6050();
            if (angle >=45){rotary('a');}
            else if (angle<=-45){rotary('c');}
        }
        return 0;
    }

The tilt angle in the direction of the Y-axis is read from **mpu6050**,
and if it’s larger than **45** ℃, the stepper motor rotates
anticlockwise; if less than **-45** ℃, the stepper motor rotates
clockwise.

**For Python Language Users**
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

**Step 2**: Go to the folder of the code.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    cd ~/davinci-kit-for-raspberry-pi/python/

**Step 3**: Run the executable file.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    sudo python3 3.1.6_MotionControl.py

As the code runs, if the tilt angle of **mpu6050** on the
`Y <https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=Y&FORM=BDVSP6&mkt=zh-cn>`__\ **-**\ `axis <https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=axis&FORM=BDVSP6&mkt=zh-cn>`__
is larger than **45** ℃, the stepper motor rotates anticlockwise; if
less than **-45** ℃, the stepper motor rotates clockwise.

**Code**

.. note::

    You can **Modify/Reset/Copy/Run/Stop** the code below. But before that, you need to go to  source code path like ``davinci-kit-for-raspberry-pi/python``. 
    
.. raw:: html

    <run></run>

.. code-block:: python

    import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
    import smbus
    import math
    import time



    # Power management registers
    power_mgmt_1 = 0x6b
    power_mgmt_2 = 0x6c

    bus = smbus.SMBus(1) 
    address = 0x68     
    bus.write_byte_data(address, power_mgmt_1, 0)

    #Stepper motor pins
    motorPin = (18,23,24,25) 
    rolePerMinute =15
    stepsPerRevolution = 2048
    stepSpeed = (60/rolePerMinute)/stepsPerRevolution

    #mpu6050
    def read_byte(adr):
        return bus.read_byte_data(address, adr)

    def read_word(adr):
        high = bus.read_byte_data(address, adr)
        low = bus.read_byte_data(address, adr+1)
        val = (high << 8) + low
        return val

    def read_word_2c(adr):
        val = read_word(adr)
        if (val >= 0x8000):
            return -((65535 - val) + 1)
        else:
            return val

    def dist(a,b):
        return math.sqrt((a*a)+(b*b))

    def get_y_rotation(x,y,z):
        radians = math.atan2(x, dist(y,z))
        return -math.degrees(radians)

    def get_x_rotation(x,y,z):
        radians = math.atan2(y, dist(x,z))
        return math.degrees(radians)

    def mpu6050():
        accel_xout = read_word_2c(0x3b)
        accel_yout = read_word_2c(0x3d)
        accel_zout = read_word_2c(0x3f)
        accel_xout_scaled = accel_xout / 16384.0
        accel_yout_scaled = accel_yout / 16384.0
        accel_zout_scaled = accel_zout / 16384.0
        angle=get_y_rotation(accel_xout_scaled, accel_yout_scaled, accel_zout_scaled)
        return angle

    #Stepper Motor
    def rotary(direction):
        if(direction == 'c'):   
            for j in range(4):
                for i in range(4):
                    GPIO.output(motorPin[i],0x99>>j & (0x08>>i))
                time.sleep(stepSpeed)

        elif(direction == 'a'):
            for j in range(4):
                for i in range(4):
                    GPIO.output(motorPin[i],0x99<<j & (0x80>>i))
                time.sleep(stepSpeed)


    def setup():
        GPIO.setwarnings(False)
        GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
        for i in motorPin:
            GPIO.setup(i, GPIO.OUT)


    def loop():
        while True:
            angle=mpu6050()
            if angle >=45 :
                rotary('a')
            elif angle <=-45:
                rotary('c')

    def destroy():
        GPIO.cleanup()   

    if __name__ == '__main__':    
        setup()
        try:
            loop()        
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            destroy()

**Code Explanation**

.. code-block:: python

    def mpu6050():
        accel_xout = read_word_2c(0x3b)
        accel_yout = read_word_2c(0x3d)
        accel_zout = read_word_2c(0x3f)
        accel_xout_scaled = accel_xout / 16384.0
        accel_yout_scaled = accel_yout / 16384.0
        accel_zout_scaled = accel_zout / 16384.0
        angle=get_y_rotation(accel_xout_scaled, accel_yout_scaled, accel_zout_scaled)
        return angle

mpu6050 gets the tilt angle in the direction of the Y-axis.

.. code-block:: python

    def rotary(direction):
        if(direction == 'c'):   
            for j in range(4):
                for i in range(4):
                    GPIO.output(motorPin[i],0x99>>j & (0x08>>i))
                time.sleep(stepSpeed)

        elif(direction == 'a'):
            for j in range(4):
                for i in range(4):
                    GPIO.output(motorPin[i],0x99<<j & (0x80>>i))
                time.sleep(stepSpeed)

If the received direction **key** is \'**c**\', the stepper motor
rotates clockwise; if the **key** is \'**a**\', the motor rotates
anticlockwise. Refer to :ref:`1.3.3_stepper` for more details about
the calculation of the rotating direction of the stepper motor.

.. code-block:: python

    def loop():
        while True:
            angle=mpu6050()
            if angle >=45 :
                rotary('a')
            elif angle <=-45:
                rotary('c')

The tilt angle in the direction of the **Y-axis** is read from
**mpu6050**, and if it’s larger than **45** ℃, rotary() is called to
let the stepper motor rotate anticlockwise; if less than **-45** ℃, the
stepper motor rotates clockwise.

Phenomenon Picture
-----------------------

.. image:: img/image252.jpeg
   :align: center